Leonid Kravchuk - Biography, Date of Birth, Place of Birth, Filmography (Read)

Leonid Kravchuk - biography, date of birth, place of birth, filmography, clips, Actor.

Born January 10, 1934, Velikiy Zhitin, Poland - 1st President of Ukraine (December 5, 1991 - July 19, 1994) and actor.

Father - Makar Alekseevich Kravchuk (17.03.1906 - 1944) served in the Polish cavalry in the 1930s, later he and Kravchuk's mother - Efimiya Ivanovna (village Melnichuk) (6.12.1908 - 1980) worked for the Polish besiegers. During the Second World War in 1944, Makar Alekseevich Kravchuk died at the front, was buried in a mass grave in Belarus. Leonid was raised by his stepfather and mother, who died of a stroke in 1980 in his native village and was buried there.

Graduated from Kiev University (1958). In 1958-1960 he was a teacher at the Chernivtsi Financial College. In 1960-1967, consultant-methodologist of the House of Political Education, lecturer, assistant secretary, head of the agitation and propaganda department of the Chernivtsi regional committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine.

He graduated from the post-graduate school of the Academy of Social Sciences at the Central Committee of the CPSU, where he studied in 1967-1970. Candidate of Economic Sciences, dissertation "The essence of profit under socialism and its role in collective farm production."

In 1970-1988, head of the sector, inspector, assistant secretary, first deputy head of the department, head of the department of agitation and propaganda of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine.

In 1989-1990, head of the ideological department, secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. In the late 1980s, Kravchuk began an open discussion with supporters of Ukrainian independence on the pages of the newspaper Vecherny Kiev. Against the background of the very conservative leadership of the CPU, his position looks more than moderate.

1989-1990 - candidate member of the Politburo. 1990-1991 - Member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine.

Since 1990 - Second Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine.

In March 1990 he was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR.

Since 1990 was a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU.

1990-1991 - Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.

Withdrew from the KPSS after the events of August 19-21, 1991.

On August 24, 1991, under the chairmanship of Leonid Kravchuk, the Verkhovna Rada adopted the Resolution and the Act of the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine.

ran for president as a non-partisan. He was supported by both activists of the Communist Party, already banned at that time (their nominee Alexander Tkachenko withdrew his candidacy in favor of Kravchuk), and some of the national democrats who advertised the chairman of the Verkhovna Rada as the "father of independence." The image of a nationalist, artificially created for the main opponent of Kravchuk, Vyacheslav Chornovol, also played its role.

On December 1, 1991, Leonid Kravchuk was elected president of Ukraine in the first direct presidential elections, gaining 61.6% of the vote.

signed on December 8, 1991 with the President of the RSFSR B. N. Yeltsin and the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Belarus S. S. Shushkevich the Belovezhsky agreement on the termination of the existence of the USSR. After 2 days, the Supreme Soviet of Ukraine, with reservations, ratified the agreement.

On June 19, 1992, Kravchuk signed a law on the complete exclusion of references to the USSR from the 1978 Constitution of Ukraine.

At the ceremonial session of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on August 22, 1992 in Kiev, the last president of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile, Mykola Plavyuk, handed over the state regalia of the UPR to the first president of Ukraine, Leonid Kravchuk. Plaviuk also presented a certificate stating that independent Ukraine, proclaimed on August 24, 1991, is the legal successor of the Ukrainian People's Republic.

Italian journalist and political scientist Giulietto Chiesa in his book Farewell Russia! expresses the opinion that it was Kravchuk who was the main initiator of the collapse of the USSR. This was practically confirmed by Leonid himself in 2016, stating that the Ukrainian people were the gravediggers of the USSR.

In an interview with Radio Liberty in December 2011, Kravchuk said that the signing of the Belovezhskaya agreement was a peaceful coup d'etat.

In 1992, he actively supported Metropolitan Filaret, whom he "supervised" for many years as a leading ideological worker of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, in his activities to create the self-proclaimed Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kiev Patriarchate.

on September 3, 1993 signed the Massandra agreements, which concerned the further fate of the Black Sea Fleet and nuclear weapons deployed on the territory of Ukraine. After that, he agreed to early elections for the head of state in July 1994. In the first round he won the largest number of votes among other candidates, but in the second he lost to Leonid Kuchma.

on January 14, 1994 in Moscow, contrary to the START-1 Treaty ratified by the Verkhovna Rada on November 18, 1993, which provided for the gradual reduction of strategic nuclear weapons located on the territory of Ukraine, arbitrarily decided to sign the Trilateral Statement of the Presidents of Ukraine, the USA and Russia regarding the immediate export of all Ukrainian nuclear weapons to Russia (which was already completed on June 1, 1996), and without any specific security guarantees and documented financial compensation.

In the 1994 early presidential elections (which he agreed to hold under the pressure of mass clashes in the summer of 1993), he lost to Leonid Kuchma in the second round, gaining 45.1% of the vote.

In September 1994 he was elected a deputy of the Verkhovna Rada, a member of the Social-Market Choice faction, and later became a member of the Constitutional Center deputy group.

In 1998, he was re-elected as a deputy of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine as the leader of the party list of the Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united).

Since 1998 - Member of the SDPU (u) and the Politburo of the SDPU (u).

In 2002 he was re-elected as a deputy on the list of the SDPU (u).

In the 2006 parliamentary elections, the SDPU (u) was unable to overcome the 3% barrier.

On April 26, 2006, Leonid Kravchuk announced his intention to "withdraw from the governing bodies of the party and engage in social and political activities in a freer regime," without being tied to one party.

On July 27 and August 3, 2006, Leonid Kravchuk took part in a round table discussion on the Universal of National Unity.

Since 2006 - Honorary President of the Ukraine-China Society.

Since 2011 - Honorary President of the "Perspective Ukraine" Foundation.

He is the honorary president of the International Public Association "Rivne community".

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Author: Jane Watson