Ernest Hemingway - Biography, Date of Birth, Place of Birth, Filmography (Read)

Ernest Hemingway - biography, date of birth, place of birth, filmography, clips, Writer, Actor.

July 21, 1899, Oak Park, Illinois, USA - July 2, 1961, Ketchum, Idaho, USA - American writer, journalist and actor.

His father, Clarence Edmont Hemingway, was a physician and his mother, Grace Hall-Hemingway, was an opera singer.

For a short period after their marriage, Clarence and Grace Hemingway lived with Grace's father, Ernest Hall, after whom the couple named their first son. Later, Ernest Hemingway said that he did not like his name, which he "associated with the naive, even stupid hero of Oscar Wilde's play" The Importance of Being Earnest ". The family eventually moved into a seven-room home in a respectable neighborhood with a music studio for Grace and a medical office for Clarence.

Hemingway's mother dressed little Ernest (who was the only boy in the family) as a girl, but this was not so unusual at the time. She first cut his hair only when he was 6 years old and called him "dolly". Biographers suggest that Grace's strange relationship with her son influenced his entire life. Thus, the story of the boy's late hair trimming appears repeatedly in the works of Hemingway, for example in the novel “The Garden of Eden”.

Hemingway later confessed that he hated his mother.

The mother of the future author often performed at concerts and wanted to give her children something musical. Ernest had no talent for this, but she insistently demanded that he play the cello, which more than once became a "source of conflict", but later he admitted that music lessons were useful for his work, as can be seen from the counterpoint structure of the novel "For whom the bell is ringing. The family, in addition to a winter home in Oak Park, also had a Windemire cottage on Lake Walloon near Petoskey, Michigan, where his father taught four-year-old Ernest to hunt, fish, and build camps in the forests and lakes of Northern Michigan. His early experiences in the natural world instilled in him a passion for adventure and life in remote or isolated areas.

For the boy, the trip to Windmere meant complete freedom. Nobody forced him to play the cello, and he could go about his business - sit on the shore with a fishing rod, wander through the forest, play with children from an Indian village. In 1911, when Ernest was 12 years old, Hemingway's grandfather gave him a single shot 20-gauge shotgun. This gift strengthened the friendship between grandfather and grandson. The boy loved listening to the old man's stories and kept good memories of him for the rest of his life, often transferring them to his works in the future.

Hunting became Ernest's main passion. Clarence taught his son how to handle weapons and track the beast. One of his first stories about Nick Adams, his alter ego, Hemingway will devote to hunting and the figure of his father. His personality, life and tragic end - Clarence will commit suicide by shooting himself with a hunting double-barreled gun - will always excite the writer.

From 1913 to 1917, Hemingway attended Oak Park and River Forest High School, where he played a lot of various sports, namely boxing, athletics, water polo and football.

He achieved particular success in English lessons, and for two years also participated in the school orchestra with his sister Marceline. During his teenage years, Hemingway also took courses in journalism at Fanny Bigs, which were organized on the principle of "like the class was a newspaper office." Top authors in these courses were given the opportunity to write for the school's newspaper, The Trapeze. Both Ernest and his sister Marceline were among them and wrote for the newspaper. Hemingway's first contribution to The Trapeze was an article about a local performance by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, published in January 1916. He went on to write for both The Trapezium and the school yearbook The Tabula, imitating the language of sports commentators and using the pseudonym Ring Lardner Jr., following the example of Ring Lardner of the Chicago Tribune. who signed "Line O'Type". First was published "Court Manitou" - an essay with northern exoticism, blood and Indian folklore, and in the next issue - a new story "It's All About Skin Color" - about the behind-the-scenes and dirty commercial side of boxing. Further, mainly reports on sports events and concerts were published. Especially popular were snide remarks about Oak Park's "social life". At this time, Hemingway had already firmly decided for himself that he would be a writer.
Especially popular were snide remarks about Oak Park's "social life". At this time, Hemingway had already firmly decided for himself that he would be a writer.
Especially popular were snide remarks about Oak Park's "social life". At this time, Hemingway had already firmly decided for himself that he would be a writer.

After graduating from school, he decided not to go to university, as his parents demanded, but moved to Kansas City, where he got a job as a reporter for the local newspaper The Kansas City Star. Here he was in charge of a small area of ??the city, which included the main hospital, train station and police station. The young reporter went to all incidents, got acquainted with brothels, encountered prostitutes, hired killers and swindlers, visited fires and in prisons. Ernest Hemingway observed, remembered, tried to understand the motives of human actions, caught the manner of conversation, gestures and smells. All this was deposited in his memory in order to later become plots, details and dialogues of his future stories. Here his literary style and habit of being always in the center of events were formed. The newspaper editors taught him the accuracy and clarity of language and tried to suppress any verbosity and stylistic negligence.

After the US entered the First World War, Hemingway decided to volunteer, but he was not recruited due to his damaged left eye. In early 1918, Ernest Hemingway responded to the Kansas City Red Cross personnel search and volunteered to be an ambulance driver on the Italian front. In May, he left New York and arrived in Paris, which was under fire from German artillery. In June, he reached Italy, where he probably first met John Dos Passos, with whom he had an uneasy relationship for many decades. During his first day in Milan, he was sent to the site of an explosion at a military plant, where rescuers pulled the remnants of workers from the ruins.

On July 8, 1918, Hemingway was severely wounded by mortar fire while returning from the cafeteria with chocolate and cigarettes for soldiers on the front lines. Despite his wounds, he helped rescue Italian soldiers, for which he received the Italian Silver Medal of Courage. He suffered severe shrapnel wounds to both legs, underwent immediate surgery and spent five days in a field hospital before being transferred to the Red Cross Hospital in Milan for recuperation. He spent six months in the hospital, where he met and became close friends with Eric Dorman-Smith, nicknamed "Chink", and also shared a room with the future American diplomat, ambassador and writer Henry Serrano Vilar.

In the hospital, 26 fragments were removed from him, while on the body of Ernest there were more than two hundred wounds. Soon he was transported to Milan, where doctors replaced the shot-through kneecap with an aluminum prosthesis.

During his recovery, Hemingway met his first love, Agnes von Kurowski, a Red Cross nurse who was seven years his senior. In January 1919, when he was returning to the United States, Agnes and Hemingway decided to get married within a few months in America. However, in March, she wrote that she had become engaged to an Italian officer. Biographer Jeffrey Myers argues that Hemingway was devastated by Agnes' refusal and in the future sought to leave his wife before she left him.

Ernest Hemingway, who was not yet 20 years old, returned from the war in early 1919 as a mature man who suffered from depression due to the fact that he was forced to stay at home without work and because of the need to recuperate and health.

He could not explain how scared he was in another country with surgeons who could not tell him in English whether they could heal his leg or not. " Soon, his parents began to pressure him to find a job or continue his education, but on $ 1,000 in insurance premiums for injuries, he could live without working for almost a year. Hemingway lived at his parents' house and spent time reading in the library or at home. He spoke little about the war, and acquaintances often saw him walking around the city in the form of the Red Cross. In September, he went camping in Michigan's Upper Peninsula with his high school friends. This trek was the inspiration for his short story Big Two-Hearted River, in which the autobiographical character Nick Adams leaves town in search of solitude after returning from the war. A family friend offered Hemingway a job in Toronto, and he agreed out of boredom. At the end of the year, he began working as a freelancer, staffer and foreign correspondent for the Toronto Star newspaper. He returned to Michigan the following June and then moved to Chicago in September 1920 to live with friends while continuing to write stories for the Toronto Star.

In Chicago, he worked as an assistant editor for the monthly Cooperative Commonwealth magazine, where he met the writer Sherwood Anderson. The pianist Headley Richardson, who lived in St. Louis, came to Chicago to visit the sister of Hemingway's neighbor.

Carlos Baker, Hemingway's first biographer, believes that while Anderson proposed Paris because the exchange rate made it inexpensive to live in, the main thing for Hemingway was that Paris was home to "the most interesting people in the world." ... In Paris, he met writers such as Gertrude Stein, James Joyce and Ezra Pound who "could help a young writer on the rungs of his career." In the early Parisian years, Ernest Hemingway was "a tall, handsome, muscular, broad-shouldered, ruddy young man with brown eyes, a square jaw and a soft voice." In Paris, the young Hemingway couple settled in a small apartment on the rue Cardinal Lemoine near the Place Contrascarp, and Ernest worked in a rented room in a nearby building.

During his first 20 months in Paris, Hemingway submitted 88 stories to the Toronto Star.

Hemingway, Hadley, and their son (called Bambi) returned to Paris in January 1924 and moved to a new apartment on the rue Notre Dame des Champs.

In 1923, Hemingway, together with his wife Hadley, attended the San Fermin festival in the Spanish city of Pamplona for the first time, where he was fascinated by the spectacle of bullfighting. The Hemingway returned to Pamplona in 1924 and a third time in June 1925.

Hemingway and Hadley's relationship deteriorated while he was working on The Sun Also Rises. In the spring of 1926, Hadley became aware of his affair with Pauline Pfeiffer, who traveled with them to Pamplona in July. When they returned to Paris, Hemingway and his wife separated at her request, and in November Hadley formally requested a divorce. They divided the property, and Hadley accepted Hemingway's offer in addition to receive proceeds from The Sun Also Rises. The couple divorced in January 1927, and in May Hemingway married Pauline Pfeiffer.

Ernest Hemingway's first real literary success came in 1926 with the publication of The Sun Also Rises.

In early 1930, Hemingway returned to the United States and settled in Key West, Florida.

In the fall of 1930, Ernest was involved in a serious car accident that resulted in fractures, head injuries and nearly six months of recovery from his injuries. The writer temporarily gave up pencils, which he usually used to work, and began to type on a typewriter. In 1932, he took up the novel Death in the Afternoon, in which he described bullfighting with great accuracy, presenting it as a ritual and a test of courage. The book became a bestseller again, confirming Hemingway's status as America's number one writer.

In 1933, Hemingway undertook a collection of short stories Winner Takes Nothing, the proceeds of which he planned to spend on fulfilling his long-held dream of a long safari in East Africa. The book succeeded again, and at the end of the same year the writer set off on a journey.

In 1934, after returning from an African safari, Hemingway traveled to Brooklyn, where he bought a large seagoing boat from Wheeler's shipyard, giving it the name Pilar.

In 1941-1943, Ernest Hemingway organized counterintelligence against Nazi spies in Cuba and hunted German submarines in the Caribbean with his boat. After that he resumed his journalistic activities, moving to London as a correspondent.

In 1944, Hemingway took part in combat flights of bombers over Germany and occupied France. During the Allied landings in Normandy, he obtained permission to participate in combat and reconnaissance operations. Ernest became the head of a detachment of French partisans of about 200 people and took part in the battles for Paris, Belgium, Alsace, in breaking through the Siegfried Line. For his active participation in these events, Hemingway was awarded the Bronze Star.

In 1949, the writer moved to Cuba, where he resumed his literary activities.

In 1953, Ernest Hemingway won the Pulitzer Prize for The Old Man and the Sea. This work also influenced Hemingway's 1954 Nobel Prize in Literature. In 1956, Hemingway began work on an autobiographical book about Paris in the 1920s, A Feast That Is Always With You, which was published only after the writer's death.

He continued to travel and in 1953 in Africa was in a serious plane crash.

In late July 1960, Hemingway left the island of Cuba and returned to the United States.

Hemingway suffered from a number of serious illnesses. In addition, close people noted the deterioration of his mental state.

In the clinic, during the examination, Hemingway was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in the initial stage, which aggravated his condition.

Hemingway tried to heal by methods of psychiatry. Electroconvulsive therapy was used as a treatment. After 13 sessions of electric shock, the writer lost his memory and the ability to create.

A few days after being discharged from the Mayo Clinic, Hemingway shot himself with his favorite Italian brand Bernardelli shotgun without leaving a suicide note.

All Information About: Ernest Hemingway - Biography, Date of Birth, Place of Birth, Filmography.
Author: Jane Watson